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Installing Python
=================
Before you can use xdoctest, you must have Python installed. Its also best
practice to be in a `virtual environment <https://realpython.com/effective-python-environment/>`_.
If you are a Python beginner, then I would recommend setting up a
`conda <https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/>`_ environment.
On Linux, I typically use this end-to-end script for installing conda,
creating, and activating a virtual environment.
.. code-block:: bash
# Download the conda install script into a temporary directory
mkdir -p ~/tmp
cd ~/tmp
# To update to a newer version see:
# https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda_hashes.html for updating
CONDA_INSTALL_SCRIPT=Miniconda3-py38_4.9.2-Linux-x86_64.sh
CONDA_EXPECTED_SHA256=1314b90489f154602fd794accfc90446111514a5a72fe1f71ab83e07de9504a7
curl https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/$CONDA_INSTALL_SCRIPT > $CONDA_INSTALL_SCRIPT
CONDA_GOT_SHA256=$(sha256sum $CONDA_INSTALL_SCRIPT | cut -d' ' -f1)
# For security, it is important to verify the hash
if [[ "$CONDA_GOT_SHA256" != "$CONDA_EXPECTED_SHA256_HASH" ]]; then
echo "Downloaded file does not match hash! DO NOT CONTINUE!"
exit 1;
fi
chmod +x $CONDA_INSTALL_SCRIPT
# Install miniconda to user local directory
_CONDA_ROOT=$HOME/.local/conda
sh $CONDA_INSTALL_SCRIPT -b -p $_CONDA_ROOT
# Activate the basic conda environment
source $_CONDA_ROOT/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
# Update the base and create a virtual environment named py38
conda update --name base conda --yes
conda create --name py38 python=3.8 --yes
# Activate your virtualenv
# I recommend doing something similar in your ~/.bashrc
source $_CONDA_ROOT/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
conda activate py38
Once you have created this conda environment, I recommend adding the following
lines to your ``.bashrc``. This way you will automatically activate your
virtual environment whenever you start a new bash shell.
.. code-block:: bash
# Enables the conda command
_CONDA_ROOT=$HOME/.local/conda
source $_CONDA_ROOT/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/conda/envs/py38" ]; then
# Always start in a virtual environment
conda activate py38
fi
For other operating systems, see the official documentation to install conda
`on Windows <https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/install/windows.html>`_ or
`on MacOS <https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/install/macos.html>`_.
Once conda is installed the commands for `managing conda virtual environments <https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/tasks/manage-environments.html#>`_ are roughly the same across platforms.
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