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<sect1 id="zend.dojo.data">
    <title>Zend_Dojo_Data: dojo.data Envelopes</title>

    <para>
        Dojo provides data abstractions for data-enabled widgets via its
        <command>dojo.data</command> component. This component provides the ability to attach a
        data store, provide some metadata regarding the identity field and
        optionally a label field, and an <acronym>API</acronym> for querying, sorting, and
        retrieving records and sets of records from the datastore.
    </para>

    <para>
        <command>dojo.data</command> is often used with XmlHttpRequest to pull dynamic data from
        the server. The primary mechanism for this is to extend the
        QueryReadStore to point at a <acronym>URL</acronym> and specify the query information. The
        server side then returns data in the following <acronym>JSON</acronym> format:
    </para>

    <programlisting language="javascript"><![CDATA[
{
    identifier: '<name>',
    <label: '<label>',>
    items: [
        { name: '...', label: '...', someKey: '...' },
        ...
    ]
}
]]></programlisting>

    <para>
        <classname>Zend_Dojo_Data</classname> provides a simple interface for building
        such structures programmatically, interacting with them, and serializing
        them to an array or <acronym>JSON</acronym>.
    </para>

    <sect2 id="zend.dojo.data.usage">
        <title>Zend_Dojo_Data Usage</title>

        <para>
            At its simplest, <command>dojo.data</command> requires that you provide the name of the
            identifier field in each item, and a set of items (data). You
            can either pass these in via the constructor, or via mutators:
        </para>

        <example id="zend.dojo.data.usage.constructor">
            <title>Zend_Dojo_Data initialization via constructor</title>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$data = new Zend_Dojo_Data('id', $items);
]]></programlisting>
        </example>

        <example id="zend.dojo.data.usage.mutators">
            <title>Zend_Dojo_Data initialization via mutators</title>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$data = new Zend_Dojo_Data();
$data->setIdentifier('id')
     ->addItems($items);
]]></programlisting>
        </example>

        <para>
            You can also add a single item at a time, or append items, using
            <methodname>addItem()</methodname> and <methodname>addItems()</methodname>.
        </para>

        <example id="zend.dojo.data.usage.append">
            <title>Appending data to Zend_Dojo_Data</title>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$data = new Zend_Dojo_Data($identifier, $items);
$data->addItem($someItem);

$data->addItems($someMoreItems);
]]></programlisting>
        </example>

        <note>
            <title>Always use an identifier!</title>

            <para>
                Every <command>dojo.data</command> datastore requires that the identifier column
                be provided as metadata, including <classname>Zend_Dojo_Data</classname>. In fact,
                if you attempt to add items without an identifier, it will raise an exception.
            </para>
        </note>

        <para>
            Individual items may be one of the following:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>Associative arrays</para></listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Objects implementing a <methodname>toArray()</methodname> method</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Any other objects (will serialize via
                    <methodname>get_object_vars()</methodname>)
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            You can attach collections of the above items via
            <methodname>addItems()</methodname> or <methodname>setItems()</methodname> (overwrites
            all previously set items); when doing so, you may pass a single argument:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>Arrays</para></listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Objects implementing the <classname>Traversable</classname> interface
                    ,which includes the interfaces <classname>Iterator</classname> and
                    <classname>ArrayAccess</classname>.
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            If you want to specify a field that will act as a label for the
            item, call <methodname>setLabel()</methodname>:
        </para>

        <example id="zend.dojo.data.usage.label">
            <title>Specifying a label field in Zend_Dojo_Data</title>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$data->setLabel('name');
]]></programlisting>
        </example>

        <para>
            Finally, you can also load a <classname>Zend_Dojo_Data</classname> item from a
            <command>dojo.data</command> <acronym>JSON</acronym> array, using the
            <methodname>fromJson()</methodname> method.
        </para>

        <example id="zend.dojo.data.usage.populate">
            <title>Populating Zend_Dojo_Data from JSON</title>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$data->fromJson($json);
]]></programlisting>
        </example>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.dojo.data.metadata">
        <title>Adding metadata to your containers</title>

        <para>
            Some Dojo components require additional metadata along with
            the <command>dojo.data</command> payload. As an example,
            <command>dojox.grid.Grid</command> can pull data dynamically from a
            <command>dojox.data.QueryReadStore</command>. For pagination to work
            correctly, each return payload should contain a <property>numRows</property>
            key with the total number of rows that could be returned by the
            query. With this data, the grid knows when to continue making small
            requests to the server for subsets of data and when to stop
            making more requests (i.e., it has reached the last page of data).
            This technique is useful for serving large sets of data in your
            grids without loading the entire set at once.
        </para>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Dojo_Data</classname> allows assigning metadata properties as
            to the object. The following illustrates usage:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Set the "numRows" to 100
$data->setMetadata('numRows', 100);

// Set several items at once:
$data->setMetadata(array(
    'numRows' => 100,
    'sort'    => 'name',
));

// Inspect a single metadata value:
$numRows = $data->getMetadata('numRows');

// Inspect all metadata:
$metadata = $data->getMetadata();

// Remove a metadata item:
$data->clearMetadata('numRows');

// Remove all metadata:
$data->clearMetadata();
]]></programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.dojo.data.advanced">
        <title>Advanced Use Cases</title>

        <para>
            Besides acting as a serializable data container,
            <classname>Zend_Dojo_Data</classname> also provides the ability to manipulate
            and traverse the data in a variety of ways.
        </para>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Dojo_Data</classname> implements the interfaces
            <classname>ArrayAccess</classname>, <classname>Iterator</classname>, and
            <classname>Countable</classname>. You can therefore use the data
            collection almost as if it were an array.
        </para>

        <para>
            All items are referenced by the identifier field. Since identifiers
            must be unique, you can use the values of this field to pull
            individual records. There are two ways to do this: with the
            <methodname>getItem()</methodname> method, or via array notation.
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Using getItem():
$item = $data->getItem('foo');

// Or use array notation:
$item = $data['foo'];
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            If you know the identifier, you can use it to retrieve an item,
            update it, delete it, create it, or test for it:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Update or create an item:
$data['foo'] = array('title' => 'Foo', 'email' => 'foo@foo.com');

// Delete an item:
unset($data['foo']);

// Test for an item:
if (isset($data[foo])) {
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            You can loop over all items as well. Internally, all items are
            stored as arrays.
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
foreach ($data as $item) {
    echo $item['title'] . ': ' . $item['description'] . "\n";
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Or even count to see how many items you have:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
echo count($data), " items found!";
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Finally, as the class implements <methodname>__toString()</methodname>, you can
            also cast it to <acronym>JSON</acronym> simply by echoing it or casting to string:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
echo $data; // echo as JSON string

$json = (string) $data; // cast to string == cast to JSON
]]></programlisting>

        <sect3 id="zend.dojo.data.advanced.methods">
            <title>Available Methods</title>

            <para>
                Besides the methods necessary for implementing the interfaces
                listed above, the following methods are available.
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setItems($items)</methodname>: set multiple items at once,
                        overwriting any items that were previously set in the
                        object. <varname>$items</varname> should be an array or a
                        <classname>Traversable</classname> object.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setItem($item, $id = null)</methodname>: set an individual
                        item, optionally passing an explicit identifier. Overwrites
                        the item if it is already in the collection. Valid items
                        include associative arrays, objects implementing
                        <methodname>toArray()</methodname>, or any object with public properties.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addItem($item, $id = null)</methodname>: add an individual
                        item, optionally passing an explicit identifier. Will raise
                        an exception if the item already exists in the collection.
                        Valid items include associative arrays, objects implementing
                        <methodname>toArray()</methodname>, or any object with public properties.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addItems($items)</methodname>: add multiple items at once,
                        appending them to any current items. Will raise an exception
                        if any of the new items have an identifier matching an
                        identifier already in the collection. <varname>$items</varname>
                        should be an array or a <classname>Traversable</classname> object.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getItems()</methodname>: retrieve all items as an array of
                        arrays.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>hasItem($id)</methodname>: determine whether an item with
                        the given identifier exists in the collection.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getItem($id)</methodname>: retrieve an item with the given
                        identifier from the collection; the item returned will be an associative
                        array. If no item matches, a <constant>NULL</constant> value is returned.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>removeItem($id)</methodname>: remove an item with the given
                        identifier from the collection.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>clearItems()</methodname>: remove all items from the collection.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setIdentifier($identifier)</methodname>: set the name of the
                        field that represents the unique identifier for each item in
                        the collection.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getIdentifier()</methodname>: retrieve the name of the
                        identifier field.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setLabel($label)</methodname>: set the name of a field
                        to be used as a display label for an item.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getLabel()</methodname>: retrieve the label field name.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>toArray()</methodname>: cast the object to an array. At a
                        minimum, the array will contain the keys 'identifier',
                        'items', and 'label' if a label field has been set in the object.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>toJson()</methodname>: cast the object to a
                        <acronym>JSON</acronym> representation.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </sect3>
    </sect2>
</sect1>
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