Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: zope.copy
Version: 3.5.0
Summary: Pluggable object copying mechanism
Home-page: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/zope.copy
Author: Zope Foundation and Contributors
Author-email: zope-dev@zope.org
License: ZPL 2.1
Description: ==============
        Object copying
        ==============
        
        This package provides a pluggable way to copy persistent objects. It
        was once extracted from the zc.copy package to contain much less
        dependencies. In fact, we only depend on zope.interface to provide
        pluggability.
        
        The package provides a ``clone`` function that does the object cloning
        and the ``copy`` wrapper that sets __parent__ and __name__ attributes
        of object's copy to None. This is useful, when working with Zope's
        located objects (see zope.location package). The ``copy`` function
        actually calls the ``clone`` function so we'll use the first one in
        the examples below. We'll also look a bit at their differences in the
        end of this document.
        
        The ``clone`` function (and thus the ``copy`` function that wraps it)
        uses pickling to copy the object and all its subobjects recursively.
        As each object and subobject is pickled, the function tries to adapt it
        to ``zope.copy.interfaces.ICopyHook``. If a copy hook is found,
        the recursive copy is halted.  The hook is called with two values: the
        main, top-level object that is being copied; and a callable that supports
        registering functions to be called after the copy is made. The copy hook
        should return the exact object or subobject that should be used at this
        point in the copy, or raise ``zope.copy.interfaces.ResumeCopy``
        exception to resume copying the object or subobject recursively after
        all.
        
        Note that we use zope's component architecture provided by the
        ``zope.component`` package in this document, but the
        ``zope.copy`` package itself doesn't use or depend on it, so
        you can provide another adaptation mechanism as described in zope.interface's
        adapter documentation.
        
        Simple hooks
        ------------
        
        First let's examine a simple use. A hook is to support the use case of
        resetting the state of data that should be changed in a copy -- for
        instance, a log, or freezing or versioning data. The canonical way to
        do this is by storing the changable data on a special sub-object of the
        object that is to be copied. We'll look at a simple case of a subobject
        that should be converted to None when it is copied -- the way that the
        zc.freeze copier hook works. Also see the zc.objectlog copier module
        for a similar example.
        
        So, here is a simple object that stores a boolean on a special object.
        
        >>> class Demo(object):
        ...     _frozen = None
        ...     def isFrozen(self):
        ...         return self._frozen is not None
        ...     def freeze(self):
        ...         self._frozen = Data()
        ...
        >>> class Data(object):
        ...     pass
        ...
        
        Here's what happens if we copy one of these objects without a copy hook.
        
        >>> original = Demo()
        >>> original.isFrozen()
        False
        >>> original.freeze()
        >>> original.isFrozen()
        True
        >>> import zope.copy
        >>> copy = zope.copy.copy(original)
        >>> copy is original
        False
        >>> copy.isFrozen()
        True
        
        Now let's make a super-simple copy hook that always returns None, no
        matter what the top-level object being copied is.  We'll register it and
        make another copy.
        
        >>> import zope.component
        >>> import zope.interface
        >>> import zope.copy.interfaces
        >>> def _factory(obj, register):
        ...     return None
        >>> @zope.component.adapter(Data)
        ... @zope.interface.implementer(zope.copy.interfaces.ICopyHook)
        ... def data_copyfactory(obj):
        ...     return _factory
        ...
        
        >>> zope.component.provideAdapter(data_copyfactory)
        >>> copy2 = zope.copy.copy(original)
        >>> copy2 is original
        False
        >>> copy2.isFrozen()
        False
        
        Much better.
        
        Post-copy functions
        -------------------
        
        Now, let's look at the registration function that the hook can use.  It
        is useful for resetting objects within the new copy -- for instance, back
        references such as __parent__ pointers.  This is used concretely in the
        zc.objectlog.copier module; we will come up with a similar but artificial
        example here.
        
        Imagine an object with a subobject that is "located" (i.e., zope.location) on
        the parent and should be replaced whenever the main object is copied.
        
        >>> import zope.location.location
        >>> class Subobject(zope.location.location.Location):
        ...     def __init__(self):
        ...         self.counter = 0
        ...     def __call__(self):
        ...         res = self.counter
        ...         self.counter += 1
        ...         return res
        ...
        >>> o = zope.location.location.Location()
        >>> s = Subobject()
        >>> o.subobject = s
        >>> zope.location.location.locate(s, o, 'subobject')
        >>> s.__parent__ is o
        True
        >>> o.subobject()
        0
        >>> o.subobject()
        1
        >>> o.subobject()
        2
        
        Without an ICopyHook, this will simply duplicate the subobject, with correct
        new pointers.
        
        >>> c = zope.copy.copy(o)
        >>> c.subobject.__parent__ is c
        True
        
        Note that the subobject has also copied state.
        
        >>> c.subobject()
        3
        >>> o.subobject()
        3
        
        Our goal will be to make the counters restart when they are copied.  We'll do
        that with a copy hook.
        
        This copy hook is different: it provides an object to replace the old object,
        but then it needs to set it up further after the copy is made.  This is
        accomplished by registering a callable, ``reparent`` here, that sets up the
        __parent__.  The callable is passed a function that can translate something
        from the original object into the equivalent on the new object.  We use this
        to find the new parent, so we can set it.
        
        >>> import zope.component
        >>> import zope.interface
        >>> import zope.copy.interfaces
        >>> @zope.component.adapter(Subobject)
        ... @zope.interface.implementer(zope.copy.interfaces.ICopyHook)
        ... def subobject_copyfactory(original):
        ...     def factory(obj, register):
        ...         obj = Subobject()
        ...         def reparent(translate):
        ...             obj.__parent__ = translate(original.__parent__)
        ...         register(reparent)
        ...         return obj
        ...     return factory
        ...
        >>> zope.component.provideAdapter(subobject_copyfactory)
        
        Now when we copy, the new subobject will have the correct, revised __parent__,
        but will be otherwise reset (here, just the counter)
        
        >>> c = zope.copy.copy(o)
        >>> c.subobject.__parent__ is c
        True
        >>> c.subobject()
        0
        >>> o.subobject()
        4
        
        Resuming recursive copy
        -----------------------
        
        One thing we didn't examine yet is the use of ResumeCopy exception in
        the copy hooks. For example, when copying located objects we don't want
        to copy referenced subobjects that are not located in the object that
        is being copied. Imagine, we have a content object that has an image object,
        referenced by the ``cover`` attribute, but located in an independent
        place.
        
        >>> root = zope.location.location.Location()
        
        >>> content = zope.location.location.Location()
        >>> zope.location.location.locate(content, root, 'content')
        
        >>> image = zope.location.location.Location()
        >>> zope.location.location.locate(image, root, 'image.jpg')
        
        >>> content.cover = image
        
        Without any hooks, the image object will be cloned as well:
        
        >>> new = zope.copy.copy(content)
        >>> new.cover is image
        False
        
        That's not what we'd expect though, so, let's provide a copy hook
        to deal with that. The copy hook for this case is provided by zope.location
        package, but we'll create one from scratch as we want to check out the
        usage of the ResumeCopy.
        
        >>> @zope.component.adapter(zope.location.interfaces.ILocation)
        ... @zope.interface.implementer(zope.copy.interfaces.ICopyHook)
        ... def location_copyfactory(obj):
        ...     def factory(location, register):
        ...         if not zope.location.location.inside(obj, location):
        ...             return obj
        ...         raise zope.copy.interfaces.ResumeCopy
        ...     return factory
        ...
        >>> zope.component.provideAdapter(location_copyfactory)
        
        This hook returns objects as they are if they are not located inside
        object that's being copied, or raises ResumeCopy to signal that the
        recursive copy should be continued and used for the object.
        
        >>> new = zope.copy.copy(content)
        >>> new.cover is image
        True
        
        Much better :-)
        
        ``clone`` vs ``copy``
        ---------------------
        
        As we stated before, there's two functions that is used for copying
        objects. The ``clone`` - that does the job, and its wrapper, ``copy``
        that calls ``clone`` and then clears copy's __parent__ and __name__
        attribute values.
        
        Let's create a location object with __name__ and __parent__ set.
        
        >>> root = zope.location.location.Location()
        >>> folder = zope.location.location.Location()
        >>> folder.__name__ = 'files'
        >>> folder.__parent__ = root
        
        The ``clone`` function will leave those attributes as is. Note that the
        referenced __parent__ won't be cloned, as we registered a hook for locations
        in the previous section.
        
        >>> folder_clone = zope.copy.clone(folder)
        >>> folder_clone.__parent__ is root
        True
        >>> folder_clone.__name__ == 'files'
        True
        
        However, the ``copy`` function will reset those attributes to None, as
        we will probably want to place our object into another container with
        another name.
        
        >>> folder_clone = zope.copy.copy(folder)
        >>> folder_clone.__parent__ is None
        True
        >>> folder_clone.__name__ is None
        True
        
        Notice, that if your object doesn't have __parent__ and __name__
        attributes at all, or these attributes could'nt be got or set because of
        some protections (as with zope.security's proxies, for example), you still
        can use the ``copy`` function, because it works for objects that don't
        have those attributes.
        
        It won't set them if original object doesn't have them:
        
        >>> class Something(object):
        ...     pass
        
        >>> s = Something()
        >>> s_copy = zope.copy.copy(s)
        >>> s_copy.__parent__
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        AttributeError: ...
        >>> s_copy.__name__
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        AttributeError: ...
        
        And it won't fail if original object has them but doesn't allow to set
        them.
        
        >>> root = object()
        >>> class Something(object):
        ...
        ...     @apply
        ...     def __name__():
        ...         def fget(self):
        ...             return 'something'
        ...         def fset(self, value):
        ...             raise AttributeError
        ...         return property(fget, fset)
        ...
        ...     @apply
        ...     def __parent__():
        ...         def fget(self):
        ...             return root
        ...         def fset(self, value):
        ...             raise AttributeError
        ...         return property(fget, fset)
        
        >>> s = Something()
        >>> s_copy = zope.copy.copy(s)
        >>> s_copy.__parent__ is root
        True
        >>> s_copy.__name__ == 'something'
        True
        
        
        =======
        CHANGES
        =======
        
        3.5.0 (2009-02-09)
        ------------------
        
        - Initial release. The functionality was extracted from ``zc.copy`` to
        provide a generic object copying mechanism with minimal dependencies.
        
Keywords: zope3 copying cloning
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Framework :: Zope3
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Zope Public License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Topic :: Database