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# Tests corresponding to the `Redirection' texinfo node.
%prep
mkdir redir.tmp && cd redir.tmp
myfd=99
(echo >&$myfd) 2>msg
bad_fd_msg="${$(<msg)##*:}"
%test
print 'This is file redir' >redir && cat redir
0:'>' and '<' redirection
>This is file redir
rm -f redir
print 'This is still file redir' <>redir >&0 && cat <>redir
0:'<>' redirection
>This is still file redir
rm -f redir
print 'With a bar' >|redir && cat redir
0:'>|' redirection
>With a bar
rm -f redir
print 'With a bang' >!redir && cat redir
0:'>!' redirection
>With a bang
rm -f redir
print 'Line 1' >>redir && print 'Line 2' >>redir && cat redir
0:'>>' redirection
>Line 1
>Line 2
rm -f redir
print 'Line a' >>|redir && print 'Line b' >>!redir
0:'>>|' and '>>!' redirection
foo=bar
cat <<' HERE'
$foo
HERE
eval "$(print 'cat <<HERE\n$foo\nHERE')"
0:Here-documents
> $foo
>bar
cat <<-HERE
# note tabs at the start of the following lines
$foo$foo
HERE
0:Here-documents stripping tabs
>barbar
cat <<-$'$HERE '`$(THERE) `'$((AND)) '"\EVERYWHERE" #
# tabs again. sorry about the max miller.
Here's a funny thing. Here is a funny thing.
I went home last night. There's a funny thing.
Man walks into a $foo. Ouch, it's an iron $foo.
$HERE `$(THERE) `$((AND)) \EVERYWHERE
0:Here-documents don't perform shell expansion on the initial word
>Here's a funny thing. Here is a funny thing.
>I went home last night. There's a funny thing.
>Man walks into a $foo. Ouch, it's an iron $foo.
cat <<-$'\x45\x4e\x44\t\x44\x4f\x43'
# tabs again
This message is unfathomable.
END DOC
0:Here-documents do perform $'...' expansion on the initial word
>This message is unfathomable.
cat <<<"This is a line with a $foo in it"
0:'<<<' redirection
>This is a line with a bar in it
cat <<<$'a\nb\nc'
0:here-strings with $'...' quoting
>a
>b
>c
# The following tests check that output of parsed here-documents works.
# This isn't completely trivial because we convert the here-documents
# internally to here-strings. So we check again that we can output
# the reevaluated here-strings correctly. Hence there are three slightly
# different stages. We don't care how the output actually looks, so
# we don't test that.
heretest() {
print First line
cat <<-HERE
$foo$foo met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
HERE
print Last line
}
heretest
eval "$(functions heretest)"
heretest
eval "$(functions heretest)"
heretest
0:Re-evaluation of function output with here document, unquoted
>First line
>barbar met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
>Last line
>First line
>barbar met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
>Last line
>First line
>barbar met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
>Last line
heretest() {
print First line
cat <<' HERE'
$foo$foo met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
HERE
print Last line
}
heretest
eval "$(functions heretest)"
heretest
eval "$(functions heretest)"
heretest
0:Re-evaluation of function output with here document, quoted
>First line
> $foo$foo met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
>Last line
>First line
> $foo$foo met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
>Last line
>First line
> $foo$foo met celeste 'but with extra' "stuff to test quoting"
>Last line
read -r line <<' HERE'
HERE
1:No input, not even newline, from empty here document.
#
# exec tests: perform these in subshells so if they fail the
# shell won't exit.
#
(exec 3>redir && print hello >&3 && print goodbye >&3 && cat redir)
0:'>&' redirection
>hello
>goodbye
(exec 3<redir && read foo <&3 && print $foo && read foo <&3 && print $foo)
0:'<&' redirection
>hello
>goodbye
({exec 3<&- } 2>/dev/null
exec 3<&-
read foo <&-)
1:'<&-' redirection with numeric fd (no error message on failure)
(exec {varid}<&0
exec {varid}<&-
print About to close a second time >&2
read {varid}<&-)
1:'<&-' redirection with fd in variable (error message on failure)
?About to close a second time
*?\(eval\):*: failed to close file descriptor *
print foo >&-
0:'>&-' redirection
(exec >&-
print foo)
0:'>&-' with attempt to use closed fd
*?\(eval\):2: write error:*
fn() { local foo; read foo; print $foo; }
coproc fn
print test output >&p
read bar <&p
print $bar
0:'>&p' and '<&p' redirection
>test output
( print Output; print Error >& 2 ) >&errout && cat errout
0:'>&FILE' handling
>Output
>Error
rm -f errout
( print Output2; print Error2 >& 2 ) &>errout && cat errout
0:'&>FILE' handling
>Output2
>Error2
rm -f errout
( print Output3; print Error3 >& 2 ) >&|errout && cat errout
( print Output4; print Error4 >& 2 ) >&!errout && cat errout
( print Output5; print Error5 >& 2 ) &>|errout && cat errout
( print Output6; print Error6 >& 2 ) &>!errout &&
( print Output7; print Error7 >& 2 ) >>&errout &&
( print Output8; print Error8 >& 2 ) &>>errout &&
( print Output9; print Error9 >& 2 ) >>&|errout &&
( print Output10; print Error10 >& 2 ) &>>|errout &&
( print Output11; print Error11 >& 2 ) >>&!errout &&
( print Output12; print Error12 >& 2 ) &>>!errout && cat errout
0:'>&|', '>&!', '&>|', '&>!' redirection
>Output3
>Error3
>Output4
>Error4
>Output5
>Error5
>Output6
>Error6
>Output7
>Error7
>Output8
>Error8
>Output9
>Error9
>Output10
>Error10
>Output11
>Error11
>Output12
>Error12
rm -f errout
( print Output; print Error 1>&2 ) 1>errout 2>&1 && cat errout
0:'Combining > with >& (1)'
>Output
>Error
rm -f errout
( print Output; print Error 1>&2 ) 2>&1 1>errout && print errout: &&
cat errout
0:'Combining > with >& (2)'
>Error
>errout:
>Output
rm -f errout
print doo be doo be doo >foo >bar
print "foo: $(<foo)\nbar: $(<bar)"
0:2-file multio
>foo: doo be doo be doo
>bar: doo be doo be doo
rm -f foo bar
print dont be dont be dont >foo | sed 's/dont/wont/g' >bar
0:setup file+pipe multio
print "foo: $(<foo)\nbar: $(<bar)"
0:read file+pipe multio
>foo: dont be dont be dont
>bar: wont be wont be wont
rm -f *
touch out1 out2
print All files >*
print *
print "out1: $(<out1)\nout2: $(<out2)"
0:multio with globbing
>out1 out2
>out1: All files
>out2: All files
print This is out1 >out1
print This is out2 >out2
0:setup multio for input
# Currently, <out{1,2} doesn't work: this is a bug.
cat <out*
0:read multio input
>This is out1
>This is out2
cat out1 | sed s/out/bout/ <out2
0:read multio input with pipe
>This is bout1
>This is bout2
unset NULLCMD
>out1
1:null redir with NULLCMD unset
?(eval):2: redirection with no command
echo this should still work >out1
print "$(<out1)"
0:null redir in $(...) with NULLCMD unset
>this should still work
READNULLCMD=cat
print cat input >out1
<out1
1:READNULLCMD with NULLCMD unset
?(eval):3: redirection with no command
NULLCMD=:
>out1
[[ ! -s out1 ]] || print out1 is not empty
0:null redir with NULLCMD=:
<input
print cat input >out1
<out1
0:READNULLCMD
>cat input
NULLCMD=cat
>out1
cat out1
0:null redir with NULLCMD=cat
<input
>input
(myfd=
exec {myfd}>logfile
if [[ -z $myfd ]]; then
print "Ooops, failed to set myfd to a file descriptor." >&2
else
print This is my logfile. >&$myfd
print Examining contents of logfile...
cat logfile
fi)
0:Using {fdvar}> syntax to open a new file descriptor
>Examining contents of logfile...
>This is my logfile.
(setopt noclobber
exec {myfd}>logfile2
echo $myfd
exec {myfd}>logfile3) | read myfd
(( ! ${pipestatus[1]} ))
1q:NO_CLOBBER prevents overwriting parameter with allocated fd
?(eval):4: can't clobber parameter myfd containing file descriptor $myfd
(setopt noclobber
exec {myfd}>logfile2b
print First open >&$myfd
rm -f logfile2b # prevent normal file no_clobberation
myotherfd="${myfd}+0"
exec {myotherfd}>logfile2b
print Overwritten >&$myotherfd)
cat logfile2b
0:NO_CLOBBER doesn't complain about any other expression
>Overwritten
(exec {myfd}>logfile4
echo $myfd
exec {myfd}>&-
print This message should disappear >&$myfd) | read myfd
(( ! ${pipestatus[1]} ))
1q:Closing file descriptor using brace syntax
?(eval):4: $myfd:$bad_fd_msg
typeset -r myfd
echo This should not appear {myfd}>nologfile
1:Error opening file descriptor using readonly variable
?(eval):2: can't allocate file descriptor to readonly parameter myfd
(typeset +r myfd
exec {myfd}>newlogfile
typeset -r myfd
exec {myfd}>&-)
1:Error closing file descriptor using readonly variable
?(eval):4: can't close file descriptor from readonly parameter myfd
# This tests the here-string to filename optimisation; we can't
# test that it's actually being optimised, but we can test that it
# still works.
cat =(<<<$'This string has been replaced\nby a file containing it.\n')
0:Optimised here-string to filename
>This string has been replaced
>by a file containing it.
print This f$'\x69'le contains d$'\x61'ta. >redirfile
print redirection:
cat<redirfile>outfile
print output:
cat outfile
print append:
cat>>outfile<redirfile
print more output:
cat outfile
0:Parsing of redirection operators (no space required before operators)
>redirection:
>output:
>This file contains data.
>append:
>more output:
>This file contains data.
>This file contains data.
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -fc 'exec >/nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
0:failed exec redir, no POSIX_BUILTINS
>output
?zsh:1: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o POSIX_BUILTINS -c '
exec >/nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
1:failed exec redir, POSIX_BUILTINS
?zsh:2: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o POSIX_BUILTINS -c '
set >/nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
1:failed special builtin redir, POSIX_BUILTINS
?zsh:2: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o POSIX_BUILTINS -c '
command set >/nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
0:failed special builtin redir with command prefix, POSIX_BUILTINS
>output
?zsh:2: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o POSIX_BUILTINS -c '
echo >/nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
0:failed unspecial builtin redir, POSIX_BUILTINS
>output
?zsh:2: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o POSIX_BUILTINS -c '
. /nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
1:failed dot, POSIX_BUILTINS
?zsh:.:2: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -c '
. /nonexistent/nonexistent
echo output'
0:failed dot, NO_POSIX_BUILTINS
>output
?zsh:.:2: no such file or directory: /nonexistent/nonexistent
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o CONTINUE_ON_ERROR <<<'
readonly foo
foo=bar set output
echo output'
0:failed assignment on posix special, CONTINUE_ON_ERROR
>output
?zsh: read-only variable: foo
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f <<<'
readonly foo
foo=bar set output
echo output'
1:failed assignment on posix special, NO_CONTINUE_ON_ERROR
?zsh: read-only variable: foo
$ZTST_testdir/../Src/zsh -f -o CONTINUE_ON_ERROR <<<'
readonly foo
foo=bar echo output
echo output'
0:failed assignment on non-posix-special, CONTINUE_ON_ERROR
>output
?zsh: read-only variable: foo
[</dev/null ]
1:check behaviour with square brackets
print any old rubbish >input1
() {
local var
read var
print I just read $var
} <input1 >output1
print Nothing output yet
cat output1
0:anonymous function redirections are applied immediately
>Nothing output yet
>I just read any old rubbish
redirfn() {
local var
read var
print I want to tell you about $var
print Also, this might be an error >&2
} <input2 >output2 2>&1
print something I heard on the radio >input2
redirfn
print No output until after this
cat output2
0:redirections with normal function definition
>No output until after this
>I want to tell you about something I heard on the radio
>Also, this might be an error
which redirfn
0:text output of function with redirections
>redirfn () {
> local var
> read var
> print I want to tell you about $var
> print Also, this might be an error >&2
>} < input2 > output2 2>&1
1func 2func 3func() { print Ich heisse $0 } >output3
for i in 1 2 3; do
f=${i}func
print Running $f
$f
cat output3
unfunction $f
done
0:multiply named functions with redirection
>Running 1func
>Ich heisse 1func
>Running 2func
>Ich heisse 2func
>Running 3func
>Ich heisse 3func
redirfn2() { print The latest output; } >&3
redirfn2 3>output4
print No output yet
cat output4
0:Redirections in both function definition and command line
>No output yet
>The latest output
# This relies on the fact that the test harness always loads
# the zsh/parameter module.
print $functions[redirfn]
0:Output from $functions[] for definition with redirection
>{
> local var
> read var
> print I want to tell you about $var
> print Also, this might be an error >&2
>} < input2 > output2 2>&1
noredirfn() { print This rather boring function has no redirection.; }
print $functions[noredirfn]
0:Output from $functions[] for definition with no redirection
> print This rather boring function has no redirection.
(x=43
x=$(print This should appear, really >&2; print Not used) exec >test.log
print x=$x)
cat test.log
0:Assignment with exec used for redirection: no POSIX_BUILTINS
>x=43
?This should appear, really
(setopt POSIX_BUILTINS
x=45
x=$(print This should appear, too >&2; print And this) exec >test.log
print x=$x)
cat test.log
0:Assignment with exec used for redirection: POSIX_BUILTINS
>x=And this
?This should appear, too
fn-two-heres() {
# tabs below
cat <<-x <<-y
foo
x
bar
y
}
which -x2 fn-two-heres
fn-two-heres
eval "$(which -x2 fn-two-heres)"
fn-two-heres
print $functions[fn-two-heres]
0:Two here-documents in a line are shown correctly.
>fn-two-heres () {
> cat <<x <<y
>foo
>x
>bar
>y
>}
>foo
>bar
>foo
>bar
> cat <<x <<y
>foo
>x
>bar
>y
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