Description: new elements added, link update
Author: Thorsten Alteholz <debian@alteholz.de>
Last-Update: 2011-12-08

Index: dict-elements/elements
===================================================================
--- dict-elements.orig/elements	2011-12-08 17:57:37.000000000 +0100
+++ dict-elements/elements	2011-12-08 17:59:36.000000000 +0100
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 keep both pieces. It'd be nice if you kept the fact that I compiled the
 information in here, but is not needed.
 Up to date copies can probably be found on the web at:
-http://ucsub.colorado.edu/~kominek/elements/
+Texts of the superheavy elements are copied from the Wikipedia.
 
 %h hydrogen
 %d
@@ -154,6 +155,10 @@
 a good number of industrial uses. Makes up 8.1% of the Earth's crust, by
 weight. Isolated in 1825 by H.C. Oersted.
 
+%h aluminium 
+%d 
+Same as {aluminum}, chiefly British in usage. [1913 Webster]
+
 %h silicon
 %d
 Symbol: Si
@@ -1220,6 +1225,170 @@
 Half-life of approximately 10ms. Reported in 1994 by German researchers at
 Darmstadt, Germany.
 
+%h darmstadtium
+%d
+Symbol: Ds
+Atomic number: 110
+Atmic weight: 281
+Darmstadtium, formerly known as ununnilium, is placed as the heaviest 
+member of group 10 but a sufficiently stable isotope is not known which 
+would allow chemical experiments to confirm its place. This synthetic 
+element is one of the so-called super-heavy atoms and was first synthesized 
+in 1994. The longest-lived and heaviest isotope known is 281Ds with 
+a half-life of ~10 s although a possible isomer, 281bDs has an unconfirmed 
+half-life of about 4 minutes.
+Element 110 was first given the temporary name ununnilium (symbol Uun). 
+Once recognized as discoverers, the team at GSI considered the names 
+darmstadtium (Ds) and wixhausium (Wi) for element 110. They decided on 
+the former and named the element after the city near the place of its 
+discovery, Darmstadt and not the suburb Wixhausen itself. The new name 
+was officially recommended by IUPAC on August 16, 2003.
+
+%h roentgenium
+%d
+Symbol: Rg
+Atomic number: 111
+Atmic weight: 280
+Roentgenium is placed as the heaviest member of the group 11 (IB) elements, 
+although a sufficiently stable isotope is not known at this time that would 
+allow its position as a heavier homologue of gold to be confirmed.
+Roentgenium was first observed in 1994 and several isotopes have been 
+synthesized since its first discovery. The most stable known isotope is 
+280Rg with a half-life of ~4 seconds.
+Roentgenium was officially discovered by Peter Armbruster, 
+Gottfried Mnzenberg, and their team working at the Gesellschaft fr 
+Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany on December 8, 1994. 
+Only three atoms of it were observed (all 272Rg), by the cold fusion between 
+nickel ions and a bismuth target in a linear accelerator.
+In 2001, the IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) concluded that there 
+was insufficient evidence for the discovery at that moment in time. 
+The GSI team repeated their experiment in 2000 and detected a further 
+3 atoms. In their 2003 report, the JWP decided that the GSI team should be 
+acknowledged as the discoverers.
+The name roentgenium (Rg) was proposed by the GSI team in honor of the 
+German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen, and was accepted as a permanent 
+name on November 1, 2004. Previously the element was known under the 
+temporary IUPAC systematic element name unununium, Uuu.
+
+%h ununbium
+%d
+Symbol: Uub
+Atomic number: 112
+Atmic weight: 285
+Ununbium is a IUPAC systematic element name, used until the element 
+receives an accepted name.
+Ununbium was first created by the GSI in 1996, who have now proposed 
+the permanent name copernicium and the symbol Cn. This name is expected 
+to be officially endorsed by IUPAC in January 2010, after six months for 
+discussion. Element 112 is currently the highest-numbered element to be 
+officially recognised by IUPAC.
+The most stable isotope discovered to date is 285Uub with a half-life 
+of ~30 s. In total, about 75 atoms of ununbium have been detected using 
+various nuclear reactions. An unconfirmed isotope, 285bUub, has a possible 
+half-life of ~9 minutes, and would be one of the longest-lived superheavy 
+isotopes known to date.
+Recent experiments strongly suggest that ununbium behaves as a typical 
+member of group 12, demonstrating properties consistent with a volatile 
+metal.
+
+%h ununtrium
+%d
+Symbol: Uut
+Atomic number: 113
+Atmic weight: 284
+Ununtrium is the temporary name of a synthetic element with the temporary 
+symbol Uut and atomic number 113. It is placed as the heaviest member of 
+the group 13 (IIIA) elements although a sufficiently stable isotope is not 
+known at this time that would allow chemical experiments to confirm its 
+position. It was first detected in 2003 in the decay of element 115 and 
+was synthesized directly in 2004. Only eight atoms of ununtrium have been 
+observed to date. The longest-lived isotope known is 284113 with a 
+half-life of ~500 ms.
+
+%h ununquadium
+%d
+Symbol: Uuq
+Atomic number: 114
+Atmic weight: 289
+Ununquadium is the temporary name of a radioactive chemical element with 
+the temporary symbol Uuq and atomic number 114.
+About 80 decays of atoms of ununquadium have been observed to date, 
+50 directly and 30 from the decay of the heavier elements ununhexium 
+and ununoctium. All decays have been assigned to the four neighbouring 
+isotopes with mass numbers 286-289. The longest-lived isotope currently 
+known is 289114 with a half-life of ~2.6 s, although there is evidence 
+for an isomer, 289b114, with a half-life of ~66 s, that would be one of 
+the longest-lived nuclei in the superheavy element region.
+Recent chemistry experiments have strongly indicated that element 114 
+possesses non-'eka'-lead properties and appears to behave as the first 
+superheavy element that portrays noble-gas-like properties due to 
+relativistic effects.
+
+%h ununpentium
+%d
+Symbol: Uup
+Atomic number: 115
+Atmic weight: 288
+Ununpentium is the temporary name of a synthetic superheavy element in 
+the periodic table that has the temporary symbol Uup and has the atomic 
+number 115.
+It is placed as the heaviest member of group 15 (VA) although a 
+sufficiently stable isotope is not known at this time that would allow 
+chemical experiments to confirm its position. It was first observed in 
+2003 and only about 30 atoms of ununpentium have been synthesized to date, 
+with just 4 direct decays of the parent element having been detected. Two 
+isotopes are currently known, Uup-287 and Uup-288, with 288Uup having the 
+longer half-life of ~100 ms.
+
+%h ununhexium
+%d
+Symbol: Uuh
+Atomic number: 116
+Atmic weight: 293
+Ununhexium is the temporary name of a synthetic superheavy element with 
+the temporary symbol Uuh and atomic number 116.
+It is placed as the heaviest member of group 16 (VIA) although a 
+sufficiently stable isotope is not known at this time to allow chemical 
+experiments to confirm its position as the heavier homologue to polonium.
+It was first detected in 2000 and since the discovery about 30 atoms of 
+ununhexium have been produced, either directly or as a decay product of 
+ununoctium, and are associated with decays from the four neighbouring 
+isotopes with masses 290.293. The most stable isotope to date is Uuh-293 
+with a half-life of ~60 ms.
+
+%h ununseptium
+%d
+Symbol: Uus
+Atomic number: 117
+Atmic weight: ???
+Ununseptium is the temporary name of an undiscovered chemical element 
+with the temporary symbol Uus and atomic number 117. It is the only 
+missing element in period 7 of the periodic table. Since it is placed 
+below the halogens it may share qualities similar to astatine or iodine. 
+The first attempt to synthesize this element is currently underway at 
+the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna, Russia.
+
+%h ununoctium
+%d
+Symbol: Uuo
+Atomic number: 118
+Atmic weight: 294
+Ununoctium , also known as eka-radon or element 118, is the temporary 
+IUPAC name for the transactinide element having the atomic number 118 
+and temporary element symbol Uuo. On the periodic table of the elements, 
+it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Ununoctium 
+is currently the only synthetic member of Group 18. It has the highest 
+atomic number and highest atomic mass of all discovered elements.
+The radioactive ununoctium atom is very unstable, and since 2002, only 
+three atoms (possibly four) of the isotope 294Uuo have been detected. 
+While this allowed for very little experimental characterization of its 
+properties and possible compounds, theoretical calculations have allowed 
+for many predictions, including some very unexpected ones. For example, 
+although ununoctium is a member of Group 18, it is probably not a noble
+gas, as are all the other Group 18 elements. It was formerly thought to 
+be a gas but is now predicted to be a solid under normal conditions.
+
+
 %h wolfram
 %d
 Original name for {tungsten}.
@@ -1254,13 +1423,16 @@
 %d
 Symbol: Db
 Competing name for {unnilquadium}, the 104th element, proposed by the
-IUPAC.
+IUPAC. Finally in 1997 the IUPAC decided to use Dubnium as the official name 
+of the 105th element.
 
 %h rutherfordium
 %d
 Symbol: Rf
 Competing name for {unnilquadium}, the 104th element, proposed by the
-American Chemical Society.
+American Chemical Society. Also competing name for {unnilhexium} 
+the 106th element, proposed by the IUPAC. Finally in 1997 the IUPAC
+decided to use Rutherfordium as the official name of the 104th element.
 
 %h hahnium
 %d
@@ -1285,17 +1457,21 @@
 %h nielsbohrium
 Competing name for {unnilseptium}, the 107th element, proposed by its West
 German discoverers and supported by the American Chemical Society. The
-name was chosen in honor of physicist, Niels Bohr.
+name was chosen in honor of physicist, Niels Bohr. Also a competing name 
+for {unnilpentium}, the 105th element, proposed by Russian scientists.
 
 %h bohrium
 Competing name for {unnilseptium}, the 107th element, proposed by the
 IUPAC in response to the discoverers of the element wanting to name it
-{nielsbohrium}.
+{nielsbohrium}. Finally in 1997 the IUPAC decided to use Bohrium as the 
+official name of the 107th element.
 
 %h hassium
 %d
 Competing name for {unniloctium}, the 108th element, proposed by its
 German discoverers and supported by the American Chemical Society.
+Finally in 1997 the IUPAC decided to use Hassium as the official name of 
+the 108th element.
 
 %h neutron
 %d